Algorithms and Flow Charts

Algorithm

Def: The step by step execution of a given problem is called Algorithm

Flow Chart

Def: Pictorial representation of an algorithm is called Flow Chart.

RAPTOR

RAPTOR is a flowchart-based programming environment, designed specifically to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid syntactic baggage.  RAPTOR programs are created visually and executed visually by tracing the execution through the flowchart.  Required syntax is kept to a minimum.  Students prefer using flowcharts to express their algorithms, and are more successful creating algorithms using RAPTOR than using a traditional language or writing flowcharts without RAPTOR.

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Examples

Roots of Quadratic Equation

Algorithm

Step  1:         Start

Step  2:         Read Coefficients a,b,c

Step  3:         d←b²-4ac

Step  4:         if (d=0) Then goto Step5 Else goto Step8

Step  5:         r1← -b/2a

Step  6:         r2←-b/2a

Step  7:         Print r1, r2 goto Step13

Step  8:         if (d>0) Then goto Step9 Else goto Step12

Step  9:         r1← -b+sqrt(d)/2a

Step 10:        r2← -b-sqrt(d)/2a

Step 11:        Print r1, r2 goto Step13

Step 12:        Print “Roots are Imaginary”

Step 13:        Stop

Flow Chart

Decimal to Binary Conversion

Algorithm

 Step 1:         Start

Step 2:          Read Decimal number “dec”

Step 3:          Set bin ← 0,i ← 1

Step 4:          if (dec=0) Then goto Step9 Else goto Step5

Step 5:          r ← dec%2

Step 6:          bin ← bin + r * i

Step 7:          dec ← floor (dec/2)

Step 8:          i ← i*10 goto Step4

Step 9:          Print “Binary Equivalent “ bin

Step10:         Stop

 Flow Chart

 Reverse of a Given Number

Algorithm

Step1:           Start

Step2:           Read the Number “number”

Step3:           Set rev ← 0

Step4:           if (number=0) Then goto Step8 Else goto Step5

Step5:           r ← number%10

Step6:       rev ← r + rev*10

Step7:       number ← floor(number/10) goto Step4

Step8:       Print “Reverse Is” rev

Step9:       Stop

Flow Chart

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